Fall Midwater Trawl

Program Overview

The Fall Midwater Trawl Survey (FMWT) has sampled annually since its inception in 1967, with the exceptions of 1974 and 1979, when sampling was not conducted. The FMWT was initiated to determine the relative abundance and distribution of age-0 striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the estuary, but the data has also been used for other upper estuary pelagic species, including Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys), American Shad (Alosa sapidissima), Splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus), and Threadfin Shad (Dorosoma petenense). 

The FMWT samples 122 stations each month from September to December and a subset of these data is used to calculate an annual abundance index. These 122 stations range from San Pablo Bay upstream to Stockton on the San Joaquin River, Hood on the Sacramento River, and the Sacramento Deep Water Ship Channel. Sampling takes approximately 10 days per month to complete. Historically, FMWT sampling occasionally began as early as July (1972) or August (1968-1973, 1993-1994, 1996-1997) and sometimes continued past December to March (1968-1973, 1978, 1991-2001) or beyond (1992-1995). The consistent January-March midwater trawl sampling conducted from 1991-2001 to track movements of mature adult delta smelt was replaced in 2002 with the more effective Spring Kodiak Trawl.

Map showing core stations and stations added in 1990, 1991, 2009 and 2010 - link opens full resolution in new window
Map of the current FMWT Stations. CDFW image.
(click to enlarge in new window)

History

  • 1967: Start of the Fall Midwater Trawl Survey
  • 1990: Addition of upper Sacramento River and Steamboat slough stations
  • 1991: Addition of Liberty Slough and Napa River stations
  • 2009: Addition of Sacramento River Deepwater Ship Channel stations
  • 2010: Addition of Cache slough station
  • 2011: Zooplankton data collected from this point forward at 32 stations

Methods

Discrete Water Quality

A YSI Pro30 meter for measuring temperature and specific conductance - a grey handheld device with a small screen, five buttons, and a cord connected to a probe. CDFW image.Physical water quality parameters are measured for surface water and bottom water using YSI Pro30 meter with sensors for water temperature and specific conductance. Turbidity of surface water is measured with a Hach 2100Q turbidimeter. Surface water clarity is also measured using a Secchi disk.

Water for bottom water samples are collected just off the bottom at the station using a Van Dorn sampler.

Zooplankton

Crew member attaching flowmeters to hang suspended in Neomysis and Clark-Bumpus nets on a zooplankton sled - one net (about 1 foot diameter) is suspended in the middle of the sled, and the smaller net (about 6 inch diameter) is attached to the top of the sled. CDFW image.Zooplankton is sampled at 32 stations using a mysid net (505 um mesh), a Clarke-Bumpus net (160 um mesh, targets adult and juvenile copepods, and cladocerans) attached to a steel sled. 

The zooplankton tows are conducted obliquely through the water column for 10 minutes. All samples are preserved in 10% formalin with Rose Bengal dye to aid in laboratory processing.

Fish and Invertebrates

Two people wearing orange life jackets standing at the back of a boat and deploying the trawl net. CDFW image.One tow is conducted at each of the 122 stations every month, from September to December each year. Sampling is conducted using a trawl net with a mouth opening of 12 x 12 feet and a length of 58 feet. The fish/invertebrate tows are conducted obliquely through the water column for 12 minutes. 

Crew members identify all fish and invertebrates, measure the fork length of 50 haphazardly selected individuals of each fish species, and count any remaining fish and all invertebrate species.

Principal Investigator

Steve Slater, Steve.Slater@wildlife.ca.gov
California Department of Fish and Wildlife

Program Staff

FMWT Lead:
Taylor Rohlin, Taylor.Rohlin@wildlife.ca.gov

FMWT Zooplankton Lead:
Spencer Breining-Aday,
Spencer.Breining-Aday@wildlife.ca.gov

Diet and Condition Study Lead:
Nene Ugbah, Nene.Ugbah@wildlife.ca.gov

FMWT Data

Fish & Invertebrate Data:

Questions or data requests can be directed to:
Steve Slater, Steve.Slater@wildlife.ca.gov